stars and bars confederate flag

But as secession got underway, the Confederate States of America. (How the assassination of Medgar Evers galvanized the civil rights movement.). Neither state voted to secede or ever came under full Confederate control. On November 28, 1861, Confederate soldiers in General Robert E. Lee's newly reorganized Army of Northern Virginia received the new battle flags in ceremonies at Centreville and Manassas, Virginia, and carried them throughout the Civil War. It houses the second largest collection of Confederate Civil War items in the world. As the Confederacy grew, so did the numbers of stars: two were added for Virginia and Arkansas in May 1861, followed by two more representing Tennessee and North Carolina in July, and finally two more for Missouri and Kentucky (while the legality of Missouri's secession is contested, neither states partisan governments achieved substantive territory or population). Amid the smoke and general chaos of battle, it was hard to distinguish the Confederate national flag, the "Stars and Bars," from the U. S. national flag, the "Stars and Stripes." Confederate Congressman William Porcher Miles suggested that the army have a distinct battle flag. Their cantons bore eleven white, 5-pointed stars arranged in a circle. The name derived from the blue canton with a circle of white stars and the three red, white, and red bars in the flag's field. But how did the battle flag, also known as the Southern Cross, come to represent the Confederacy in the first place? From then on, the battle flag grew in its identification with the Confederacy and the South in general. The very first national flag of the Confederacy was designed by Prussian artist Nicola Marschall in Marion, Alabama. on the subject of Regimental or badge flags made of red with two blue bars crossing each other diagonally on which shall be introduced the stars, We would then on the field of battle know our friends from our Enemies.[18]. HistorianWilliam Sturkey, an associate professor at the University of North Carolina and author of Hattiesburg: An American City in Black and White, says that racists turn to the symbol again and again when they feel embattled and threatened. 1st National Confederate Flag 7 Star Stars and Bars Confederate Cotton Flag 5 x 8 ft. $ 149.95. These authentic cotton flags are hard to find and may disappear at some point. [11], Initial reaction to the second national flag was favorable, but over time it became criticized for being "too white." Rogers lobbied successfully to have this alteration introduced in the Confederate Senate. Riddle submitted his flag proposals to Stephen Foster Hale on February 21, 1861. Military officers also voiced complaints about the flag being too white, for various reasons, such as the danger of being mistaken for a flag of truce, especially on naval ships where it was too easily soiled. Why are there 13 stars on Confederate flags? The garrison flag of the Confederate forces The flags that were actually produced by the Richmond Clothing Depot used the 1.5:1 ratio adopted for the Confederate navy's battle ensign, rather than the official 2:1 ratio. Were most of the flags made in the Confederacy sewn by hand or by sewing machine? A rejected national flag design was also used as a battle flag by the Confederate Army and featured in the "Stainless Banner" and "Blood-Stained Banner" designs. The flag was issued in the fall of 1861. In 1816, the command operated in Missouri and Arkansas but was transferred to Northern Mississippi. READ MORE Rogers defended his redesign as symbolizing the primary origins of the people of the Confederacy, with the saltire of the Scottish flag and the red bar from the flag of France, and having "as little as possible of the Yankee blue" the Union Army wore blue, the Confederates gray.[13]. "A surviving Georgia flag in the collection of the, Bonner, Robert E., "Flag Culture and the Consolidation of Confederate Nationalism. He did not share in the nostalgia for the Union that many of his fellows Southerners felt, believing that the South's flag should be completely different from that of the North. Judging from the $12.00 price that Ruskell later received for a bunting Confederate 1st national that was 6 feet long on the fly, it is thought that the 43 flags that he delivered in July and August were 4 feet on their hoist by 6 feet on their fly with eleven white, 5-pointed stars arranged in a circle or ellipse. [47], The First Confederate Navy Jack, 18611863, The First Confederate Navy Ensign, 18611863, The Second Confederate Navy Jack, 18631865, The Second Confederate Navy Ensign, 18631865, The Second Navy Ensign of the ironclad CSS Atlanta, The 9-star First Naval Ensign of the paddle steamer CSS Curlew, The 11-star Ensign of the Confederate Privateer Jefferson Davis, A 12-star First Confederate Navy Ensign of the gunboat CSS Ellis, 18611862, The Command flag of Captain William F. Lynch, flown as ensign of his flagship, CSS Seabird, 1862, Pennant of Admiral Franklin Buchanan, CSSTennessee, at Battle of Mobile Bay, August 5, 1864, Digital recreation of Admiral Buchanan's pennant, Admiral's Rank flag of Franklin Buchanan, flown from CSS Virginia during the first day of the Battle of Hampton Roads and also flown from the CSS Tennessee during the Battle of Mobile Bay, Confederate naval flag, captured when General William Sherman took Savannah, Georgia, 1864, The first national flag, also known as the Stars and Bars (see above), served from 1861 to 1863 as the Confederate Navy's first battle ensign. The thirteen stars stand for the thirteen states that were . In July 1944, one month after the Allies stormed the beaches of Normandy, the 79th Infantry Division drove Nazi troops out of the French town La Haye-du-Puits. Hetty Cary and her sister and cousin made prototypes. He described these changes and his reasons for making them in early 1861. It is the most distinctive and popular emblem associated with the Confederacy. William Porcher Miles, a Confederate congressman and Beauregards aide-de-camp, designed it, borrowing an X-shaped pattern known as St. Andrews Cross and emblazoning it with one star for each seceding state. Native American Flags. [15], A monument in Louisburg, North Carolina, claims the "Stars and Bars" "was designed by a son of North Carolina / Orren Randolph Smith / and made under his direction by / Catherine Rebecca (Murphy) Winborne. Moreover, the ones made by the Richmond Clothing Depot used the square canton of the second national flag rather than the slightly rectangular one that was specified by the law. This caused major problems at the July 1861 Battle of First Manassas and during other skirmishes as some troops mistakenly fired on their own comrades. The winner of the competition was Nicola Marschall's "Stars and Bars" flag. A National Geographic team has made the first ascent of the remote Mount Michael, looking for a lava lake in the volcanos crater. The flag adopted by the delegates to the Louisianas secession convention in January of 1861 represented Louisianas historical roots. Not according to biology or history. This flag, made of Merino, was raised by Letitia Tyler over the Alabama state capitol. Segregation and oppressiveJim Crow laws soon disenfranchised Black Southernersand members of the Ku Klux Klan terrorized them. Norman, Oklahoma: University of Oklahoma Press. The blue flag with the circle of white told the Yankees that they facing the troops of Gen. Wm. Congress did not adopted a formal Act codifying this flag, but it is described in the Report of the Committee on Flag and Seal, in the following language: The flag of the Confederate States of America shall consist of a red field with a white space extending horizontally through the center, and equal in width to one-third the width of the flag. Its a story of rebellion, racism, and disagreement over the true history of the Civil Warand as the controversy over its use during the Capitol riots shows, its divisive even 160 years after it was designed. When rebels fired on Fort Sumter in April 1861, they flew a blue banner with a single white star called the Bonnie Blue Flag. The similarity between the stars and bars and the stars and strips caused many cases of mistaken identity during the first battle of Manassas or Bull Run in July of 1861. STARS AND BARS Images of 12 Star versions of the first Confederate national flag. [13] The Columbia-based Daily South Carolinian observed that it was essentially a battle flag upon a flag of truce and might send a mixed message. How Long After the Battle of First Manassas did the various battle flags replace the Stars and Bars or did they ever entirely replace it? One Congressman even mocked it as looking "like a pair of Suspenders". It is commonly referred to as the Rebel Flag, and often mistakenly called the Stars & Bars. This bunting was placed in the hands of Richmond military goods dealer, George Ruskell. 2nd National Confederate Flag 2nd National Confederate Flag - Cotton 12 x 18 inch Pinterest. The Bonnie Blue Flag is on the right. The stars represent the seven seceded states of the U.S. In an effort to avoid the visual confusion, General Pierre Beauregardcommissioned a new battle flag design. Long COVID patients turn to unproven treatments, Why evenings can be harder on people with dementia, This disease often goes under-diagnosedunless youre white, This sacred site could be Georgias first national park, See glow-in-the-dark mushrooms in Brazils other rainforest, 9 things to know about Holi, Indias most colorful festival, Anyone can discover a fossil on this beach. [50][51][52] It is also known as the rebel flag, Dixie flag, and Southern cross. It was flying above the Confederate batteries that first opened fire on Fort Sumter in Charleston harbor, in South Carolina beginning the Civil War. The red Saint Georges cross is symbolic of the Episcopal church of which Gen. Polk was Bishop of Louisiana. However, when the war started, the Stars and Bars confused the battlefield. Stars and Bars From March of 1861, through April of 1863, during America's Civil War, the Stars and Bars was the official flag of the Confederacy. [16], One of the first acts of the Provisional Confederate Congress was to create the Committee on the Flag and Seal, chaired by William Porcher Miles, a Democratic congressman, and Fire-Eater from South Carolina. In addition to the Confederacy's national flags, a wide variety of flags and banners were flown by Southerners during the Civil War. General Pierre T. Beauregard chose a variation on the cross . Twitter. The garrison flag was to measure 18 feet on the hoist by 28 feet on the fly, and the storm flag was to be half that size 9 feet on the hoist by 14 feet on the fly. Early flags contain seven stars for the original seven states of the Confederacy. The 'extreme cruelty' around the global trade in frog legs, What does cancer smell like? The first national flag of the Confederacy was the Stars and Bars (left) in 1861, but it caused confusion on the battlefield and rancour off it "Everybody wants a new Confederate flag,". The original flag of the Confederate States of America, commonly known as the STARS AND BARS, was approved by the Congress of the Provisional Government of the Confederate States, and first hoisted over the capitol building in Montgomery, Alabama, on the afternoon of the 4th day of March, 1861. As the Confederacy grew, so did the numbers of white stars on the ensign's dark blue canton: seven-, nine-, eleven-, and thirteen-star groupings were typical. Newsome was arrested, but state officials voted to remove the flag from the building the following month. Currently 24 Flags are on display, while 9 conserved flags await framing, and several others are being considered for conservation. [53] The "rebel flag" is considered by some to be a highly divisive and polarizing symbol in the United States. These include flags displayed in states; cities, towns and counties; schools, colleges and universities; private organizations and associations; and individuals. The red space above and below to be the same width as the white. Can we bring a species back from the brink?, Video Story, Copyright 1996-2015 National Geographic Society, Copyright 2015-2023 National Geographic Partners, LLC. Deep South. Choose from a wide range of high quality 4K or HD videos and footage. "Stonewall" Jackson as it lay in state in the Virginia capitol, May 12, 1863. How did this mountain lion reach an uninhabited island? Second national flag (May 1, 1863 March 4, 1865), 2:1 ratio, Second national flag (May 1, 1863 March 4, 1865), also used as the Confederate navy's ensign, 3:2 ratio, A 12-star variant of the Stainless Banner produced in, Variant captured following the Battle of Painesville, 1865, Third national flag (after March 4, 1865), Third national flag as commonly manufactured, with a square canton, This page was last edited on 4 March 2023, at 18:54. "[32], Regardless of who truly originated the Stainless Banner's design, whether by heeding Thompson's editorials or Beauregard's letter, the Confederate Congress officially adopted the Stainless Banner on May 1, 1863. flag. Isnt the Rectangular battle flag really the Navy Jack? The thirteen stars stand for the thirteen states that were part of the Confederacy. The pattern and colors of this flag did not distinguish it sharply fom the Stars and Stripes of the Union. In the center of the union a circle of white stars corresponding in number with the States in the Confederacy. STARS AND BARS Images of 13 Star versions of the first Confederate national flag. The design of the Stars and Bars varied . On this Wikipedia the language links are at the top of the page across from the article title. Although the officially designated design specified a rectangular canton, many of the flags that ended up being produced utilized a square-shaped canton. Copy link. Save up to 30% when you upgrade to an image pack. Scientists just confirmed a 30-foot void first detected inside the monument years ago. "[11], The flag is also known as the Stainless Banner, and the matter of the person behind its design remains a point of contention. Taking this into account, Miles changed his flag, removing the palmetto and crescent, and substituting a heraldic saltire ("X") for the upright cross. CONFEDERATE 1ST NATIONAL UNIT FLAGS IN SOUTH CAROLINA AND GEORGIA. Over the years the flag was changed by adding and . But once Reconstructionended in 1877, white Southerners hastened to restore what they saw as their rightful place at the top of a racially segregated social order. One seven-star jack still exists today (found aboard the captured ironclad CSS Atlanta) that is actually "dark blue" in color (see illustration below, left). There were three bars on the flag, two red and one white, and thus the popular name "Stars and Bars." First Flag of the Confederate States of America, March 4, 1861 The seven stars represent the seven original states: South Carolina; Mississippi; Florida; Alabama; Georgia; Louisiana and Texas. Available for both RF and RM licensing. The editor of the Charleston Mercury expressed a similar view: "It seems to be generally agreed that the 'Stars and Bars' will never do for us. By Devereaux D. Cannon, Jr. 25 January 2000. Miles' flag lost out to the "Stars and Bars". Robed Ku Klux Klan members watch Black demonstrators march through Okolona, Mississippi, in 1978. How a zoo break-in changed the life of an owl called Flaco, Naked mole rats are fertile until they die, study finds. Although less well known than the "Confederate Battle Flags",the Stars and Bars was used as the official flag of the Confederacy from March 1861 to May of 1863. In the wake of the 2017 Charlottesville white supremacist rally, demand for the banner surged across the country. In February of 1863 the purchase of these 1st national flags ceased when General Beauregard instituted the battle flag of the Army of Northern Virginia, as modified by Charlston Clothing Depot. The Confederate flag had three bars, red, white, red and a blue field with stars on it. (2016). were conserved soon after. p. 211. ", "Gen. Beauregard suggested the flag just adopted, or else a field of blue in place of the white." The trend continued with local reenactment groups raising the necessary funds to conserve flags. Regiments carried flags to help commanders observe and assess battles in the warfare of the era. [56][57] A YouGov poll in 2020 of more than 34,000 Americans reported that 41% viewed the flag as representing racism, and 34% viewed it as symbolizing southern heritage. The Confederacy's first official national flag, often called the Stars and Bars, flew from March 4, 1861, to May 1, 1863. [30] When Thompson received word the Congress had adopted the design with a blue stripe, he published an editorial on April 28 in opposition, writing that "the blue bar running up the center of the white field and joining with the right lower arm of the blue cross, is in bad taste, and utterly destructive of the symmetry and harmony of the design. At the First Battle of Manassas, near Manassas, Virginia, the similarity between the "Stars and Bars" and the "Stars and Stripes" caused confusion and military problems. As word spread about the conservation program the flag of the 10th Louisiana Infantry was adopted by a Canadian Reenacting Group that portrayed the unit. Blue Collar. ", The square "battle flag" is also properly known as "the flag of the Army of Northern Virginia". Add to Plan. Return to the Confederate Flags Home Page. The "Sibley Flag", Battle Flag of the Army of New Mexico, commanded by General Henry Hopkins Sibley. Men fly a massive Confederate flag during a Black Lives Matter protest in Charleston, South Carolina, in August, 2020. William T. Thompson, the editor of the Savannah-based Daily Morning News also objected to the flag, due to its aesthetic similarity to the U.S. flag, which for some Confederates had negative associations with emancipation and abolitionism. He argued that the battle flag must be used, but it was necessary to emblazon it for a national flag, but as simply as possible, with a plain white field. They resemble too closely the dishonored 'Flag of Yankee Doodle' we imagine that the 'Battle Flag' will become the Southern Flag by popular acclaim." The flag was issued in the fall of 1861. Generals Beauregard and Johnston and Quartermaster General Cabell approved the 12-star Confederate Battle Flag's design at the Ratcliffe home, which served briefly as Beauregard's headquarters, near Fairfax Court House in September 1861. This was replaced again in 2003 with a flag resembling the Stars and Bars. According to Museum of the Confederacy Director John Coski, Miles' design was inspired by one of the many "secessionist flags" flown at the South Carolina secession convention in Charleston of December 1860. Battle Flags in the Trans-Mississippi Department, Battle Flags of the Army of Northern Virginia, Battle Flags of the Army of Tennessee, late 1863 to 1865, Photos and Images of Army of Tennessee Augusta Depot Battle Flags, Battle Flags of the Army of the Mississippi / Army of Tennessee, 1861 to late 1863, Battle Flags of the Army of the Peninsula, Battle Flags of the Confederate Department of Mississippi and East Louisiana, Battle Flags of the Department of South Carolina, Georgia and Florida, Secondary Flags of the Confederate States Army, Confederate States Navy Regulations Involving Flags, Navy Ensigns, Pennants, and Jacks, 1861-1863, Navy Ensigns, Pennants, and Jacks, 1863-1865. This Stars & Bars flag, also known as the First Confederate, is fully printed and has 2 brass grommets on the left used for hanging. This is the actual Stars & Bars, first official flag of the Confederate States of America, specifically the 13-star version which flew from 1861 to 1863: Confederate Stars & Bars ( public domain) Beauregard and Joseph Johnston urged that a new Confederate flag be designed for battle. March 4, 1861 The first national flag of the Confederate States of America (the "Stars and Bars") is adopted. But given the popular support for a flag similar to the U.S. flag ("the Stars and Stripes" originally established and designed in June 1777 during the Revolutionary War), the "Stars and Bars" design was approved by the committee.[17]. When does spring start? The 1879 flag was introduced by Georgia state senator Herman H. Perry and was adopted to memorialize Confederate soldiers during the American Civil War. In 1989 friends of Memorial Hall paid for the conservation of a Confederate Battle Flag given to the museum by Rene Beauregard, son of General PGT Beauregard. "The present one is universally hated. It was also challenged by Black activists and their white allies. Only 13 flags, however, had been delivered to Major J.B. McClelland at Richmond by the battle of 1st Manassas (Bull Run), and none of these may have been distributed to the Army at Centreville before the battle. national flag consisting of white stars (50 since July 4, 1960) on a blue canton with a field of 13 alternating stripes, 7 red and 6 white. Smith, Louisburg", University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, "The Declarations of Causes of Seceding States", "Confederate battle flag: Separating the myths from facts", "Letter of Beauregard to Villere, April 24, 1863", "Birthplace of the Confederate Battle Flag", 37 New Historical Markers for Virginia's Roadways, "2008 Virginia Marker Dedication: Birthplace of the Confederate Battle Flag", North & South The Official Magazine of the Civil War Society, "Why the Confederate Flag Made a 20th Century Comeback", "Confederate flag removed: A history of the divisive symbol", "Trump keeps fighting a Confederate flag battle many supporters have conceded", "Majority Of Southerners Now View The Confederate Flag As A Racist Symbol, Poll Finds", "What the Confederate flag means in America today", "American Electorate Continues to Favor Leaving Confederate Relics in Place", "National Tracking Poll #2107045 / July 09-12, 2021 / Crosstabulation Results", Active autonomist and secessionist movements, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Flags_of_the_Confederate_States_of_America&oldid=1142855463, Articles with unsourced statements from February 2023, Articles with incomplete citations from July 2020, All Wikipedia articles written in American English, Wikipedia articles with style issues from July 2022, Pages using infobox flag with unknown parameters, Articles with unsourced statements from February 2021, Articles with unsourced statements from November 2015, Articles needing additional references from September 2021, All articles needing additional references, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0. This would serve to show the world the South was truly sovereign. Adopted in February 1865, as a result from complaints made by the Confederate Navy that he predominate white color of the second national flag caused it be mistaken for a flag of surrender. The result was anything but uniformity in the colors carried by the armies that coallesced in the Shenandoah Valley and around Centreville in June. The version produced even today for the Stars and Bars, or First National Confederate, features the original seven star pattern in the blue canton. The Flag Act of 1865, passed by the Confederate congress near the very end of the War, describes the flag in the following language: The Congress of the Confederate States of America do enact, That the flag of the Confederate States shall be as follows: The width two-thirds of its length, with the union (now used as the battle flag) to be in width three-fifths of the width of the flag, and so proportioned as to leave the length of the field on the side of the union twice the width of the field below it; to have the ground red and a broad blue saltire thereon, bordered with white and emblazoned with mullets or five pointed stars, corresponding in number to that of the Confederate States; the field to be white, except the outer half from the union to be a red bar extending the width of the flag.

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